ADD/ADHD SYMPTOMS: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW - News Block

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition that affects the ability to concentrate, control impulses, and manage time and tasks. It can cause problems in various aspects of life, such as school, work, and relationships. In this article, we will cover the following topics:

What are the symptoms of ADHD?
How is ADHD diagnosed?
What are the causes and risk factors of ADHD?
How is ADHD treated?
What are some tips and resources for living with ADHD?

What are the symptoms of ADHD?

ADHD stands for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a condition that affects the ability to concentrate, control impulses, and manage time and tasks. Some common symptoms of ADHD are:

Impulsiveness
Disorganization and prioritization issues
Poor time management skills.
Trouble concentrating on a task
multitasking problems
Excessive activity or restlessness
poor planning

These symptoms can be classified into two types of behavior problems: inattention (difficulty concentrating and focusing) and hyperactivity and impulsivity.¹. Many people with ADHD have problems that fall into both categories, but this is not always the case. For example, about 2 to 3 out of 10 people with the condition have trouble concentrating and focusing, but not hyperactivity or impulsivity.¹. This form of ADHD is also known as attention deficit disorder (ADD). Sometimes ADD can go undetected because the symptoms may be less obvious.

ADHD is diagnosed more often in boys than in girls¹. Girls are more likely to have symptoms of inattention alone and are less likely to display disruptive behavior that makes ADHD symptoms more apparent.¹. This means that girls may not always be diagnosed with ADHD.

How is ADHD diagnosed?

There is no single test that can diagnose ADHD. Diagnosis is based on a combination of factors, such as:

A detailed medical history, including a family history of ADHD or other mental health disorders.
A physical exam to rule out any medical conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
A psychological evaluation to assess the severity and impact of symptoms in different areas of life.
A behavioral observation to see how the person acts in different settings and situations.
A standardized rating scale or questionnaire to measure the frequency and intensity of symptoms.

The diagnosis of ADHD follows certain criteria that are described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is a guide used by mental health professionals.². According to the DSM-5, a person must have at least six symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity and impulsivity that:

Have been present for at least six months.
They are inappropriate for the level of development of the person.
Cause significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning
Not better explained by another mental disorder

Symptoms must also be present before the age of 12.².

What are the causes and risk factors of ADHD?

The exact causes of ADHD are not fully understood, but research suggests that it may involve a combination of genetic, developmental, and environmental factors.². Some possible causes and risk factors of ADHD are:

Family history: having a parent or sibling with ADHD increases the chance of having the condition².
Brain structure and function: People with ADHD may have differences in the size, shape, or activity of certain brain regions that are involved in attention, impulse control, and executive functions.².
Neurotransmitters: People with ADHD may have imbalances in the levels or function of certain brain chemicals that regulate mood, behavior, and cognition.².
Prenatal exposure: Exposure to alcohol, tobacco, drugs, or toxins during pregnancy can affect brain development and increase the risk of ADHD.².
Premature birth or low birth weight: Being born too early or too small can also affect brain development and increase the risk of ADHD².
Brain Injury: Trauma or infection that damages the brain can cause or worsen ADHD symptoms.².

How is ADHD treated?

There is no cure for ADHD, but there are several treatments that can help control symptoms and improve quality of life. The most common treatments for ADHD are:

Medications: Stimulants (such as methylphenidate or amphetamine) are the most commonly used medications for ADHD. They work by increasing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain and improving attention and focus. Non-stimulants (such as atomoxetine or guanfacine) are also available for people who don’t respond well to stimulants or have side effects. ADHD medications are usually prescribed by a psychiatrist or pediatrician and require regular monitoring and monitoring.².

Psychotherapy: Counseling or therapy can help people with ADHD deal with their emotions, improve their self-esteem, and develop strategies to overcome their challenges. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing negative thoughts and behaviors that can contribute to ADHD symptoms. Other types of psychotherapy that may be helpful are family therapy, social skills training, and behavior therapy.².

Lifestyle changes: Making a few changes to your daily routine, diet, exercise, and sleep habits can also help reduce ADHD symptoms. Some examples are:

Create a structured schedule and stick to it
Use reminders, calendars, lists, and timers to stay organized
Break large tasks into smaller steps and set deadlines
Find a quiet, distraction-free place to work or study
Avoid caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and drugs
Eat a balanced diet that includes protein, complex carbohydrates, fruits, and vegetables.
Getting enough physical activity and outdoor exposure
Practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or mindfulness
Getting enough sleep and following a regular bedtime routine

What are some tips and resources for living with ADHD?

Living with ADHD can be challenging, but it can also be rewarding. People with ADHD have many strengths and talents that can help them succeed in life. Some tips and resources for living with ADHD are:

Seek support: Having a strong support network of family, friends, teachers, or professionals can make a big difference in coping with ADHD. Joining a support group or online community can also provide valuable information, advice, and encouragement from people who understand what you’re going through.
Learn about ADHD: Educating yourself and others about ADHD can help you better understand your condition and reduce the stigma and misconceptions that can surround it. Reading books, articles, blogs, podcasts, or videos about ADHD can help you gain more information and awareness about its symptoms, causes, treatments, and coping strategies.
Focus on your strengths: People with ADHD have many positive qualities that can help them excel in various fields and activities. Some of these qualities are:
- Creativity: People with ADHD often have vivid imaginations and a unique perspective on things. They can come up with original ideas and solutions that others may not think of.
- Energy: People with ADHD often have a lot of enthusiasm and passion for what they do. They can be highly driven and motivated when they are interested in something.
- Flexibility: People with ADHD often have the ability to adapt to changing situations and environments. They can be open-minded and willing to try new things.
- Curiosity: People with ADHD often have a thirst for knowledge and learning. They can be very curious and eager to explore new topics and experiences.
Celebrate your achievements: People with ADHD often face many challenges and difficulties in their lives. They may also have problems with low self-esteem or confidence due to their symptoms or negative comments from others. It’s important to recognize your accomplishments and successes, no matter how big or small. Reward yourself for your efforts and progress, and be proud of yourself for overcoming your obstacles.

ADHD is a common condition that affects the ability to concentrate, control impulses, and manage time and tasks. It can cause problems in various aspects of life, such as school, work, and relationships. However, it can also be controlled with the right treatment, support, education, and lifestyle changes. People with ADHD have many strengths and talents that can help them achieve their goals and dreams.

If you think you or someone you know may have symptoms of ADHD, you should see a qualified mental health professional for diagnosis and treatment. You can also contact the following resources for more information or assistance: